General knowledge of Haryana

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General Knowledge of Haryana

1. Basic Facts

Capital: Chandigarh (shared with Punjab)

Largest City: Faridabad

Formation Date: November 1, 1966 (carved out of Punjab)

Official Language: Hindi

State Animal: Blackbuck

State Bird: Black Francolin

State Flower: Lotus

State Tree: Peepal

2. Geography

Borders: Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi (National Capital Territory)

Major Rivers: Yamuna, Ghaggar

Climate: Mostly arid to semi-arid

3. Administration

Current Governor: Bandaru Dattatraya

Current Chief Minister: Nayab Singh Saini (as of March 2024)

Districts: 22

4. Economy

Primary Sector: Agriculture (main crops: wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton)

Industries: Automobile (especially in Gurgaon and Faridabad), IT, Textiles

Notable: Haryana has one of the highest per capita incomes in India.

5. Culture & Festivals

Famous Dance Forms: Ghoomar, Phag, Dhamal, Loor

Major Festivals: Holi, Diwali, Teej, Baisakhi

Cuisine: Bajra roti, churma, lassi, kadhi

6. Important Places

Kurukshetra: Historic battlefield of Mahabharata

Panipat: Site of three major historical battles

Gurgaon (Gurugram): Corporate and IT hub

Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary: Popular for birdwatching

7. Sports

Nickname: “Land of Sports”

Produced many national/international athletes in wrestling, boxing, and kabaddi.

Famous players: Sushil Kumar, Sakshi Malik, Neeraj Chopra (Olympic gold medalist)

History of Haryana

1. Ancient Period

Vedic Period: Haryana is known as the land of Vedas. It was part of the Kuru kingdom, one of the most important Mahajanapadas.

Mahabharata: The epic battle of Kurukshetra, described in the Mahabharata, took place in modern-day Haryana. Lord Krishna delivered the Bhagavad Gita here.

Indus Valley Civilization: Sites like Rakhigarhi (in Hisar district) are among the oldest and largest Harappan civilization sites discovered.

2. Medieval Period

Early invasions: The region faced several invasions, including by the Huns and Muslim rulers.

Delhi Sultanate and Mughals: Haryana came under the control of the Delhi Sultanate, and later, the Mughal Empire.

Battlefield of Panipat:

First Battle of Panipat (1526): Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi, starting the Mughal Empire.

Second Battle (1556): Akbar defeated Hemu.

Third Battle (1761): Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas — a turning point in Indian history.

3. British Period

Haryana became part of the Punjab Province under British rule.

The region played a role in the 1857 revolt, with leaders like Rao Tula Ram from Rewari participating.

4. Post-Independence

Haryana remained a part of Punjab until 1966.

Statehood: On 1st November 1966, Haryana was carved out of Punjab as a separate state based on linguistic lines (Hindi-speaking majority).

5. Modern Developments

Green Revolution: Haryana played a key role in India's food grain production boom during the 1960s and 70s.

Economic growth: Cities like Gurgaon (Gurugram) have become major IT and industrial hubs.

Known for sports, military service, and agricultural productivity.

Wildlife in Haryana

Kalesar National Park (Yamunanagar): Dense forest with leopards, elephants, deer.

Sultanpur National Park (Gurugram): Famous bird sanctuary, especially for migratory birds like Siberian cranes, flamingos.

Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary: Ramsar site, habitat for over 250 bird specie

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