General knowledge of Rajasthan

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Basic Facts

Location: Northwestern India

Capital: Jaipur (also the largest city)

Official Language: Hindi

State Animal: Camel

State Bird: Great Indian Bustard

State Tree: Khejri

Formation Day: March 30, 1949

Geography

Largest state in India by area

Borders: Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Pakistan

Desert: Thar Desert (a major part of the state)

Important Rivers: Chambal, Banas, Luni

Culture & Heritage

Known for colorful festivals, folk music and dance (like Ghoomar, Kalbeliya)

Famous for forts and palaces:

Amber Fort (Jaipur)

Mehrangarh Fort (Jodhpur)

Jaisalmer Fort

City Palace (Udaipur)


Traditional dress: Men wear turbans, women wear ghagras and odhnis

Economy

Economy mainly based on agriculture, mining, tourism, and handicrafts

Famous for gemstones, textiles, marble, and blue pottery

Largest producer of wool in India

Major crops: wheat, barley, pulses, and mustard

Important Cities

Jaipur – Pink City, known for palaces and architecture

Udaipur – City of Lakes

Jodhpur – Sun City, famous for Mehrangarh Fort

Ajmer – Known for Ajmer Sharif Dargah

Bikaner – Famous for sweets and camel festival

Wildlife & National Parks

Ranthambore National Park – Famous for tigers

Sariska Tiger Reserve

Keoladeo National Park – Bird sanctuary in Bharatpur, UNESCO site

Desert National Park – In Jaisalmer, habitat for Great Indian Bustard

Historical Facts

Ancient Name: Rajputana (during British rule)

Famous Dynasties:

Mauryas

Guptas

Chauhans

Sisodiyas of Mewar

Rathores of Marwar


Battle of Haldighati (1576): Fought between Maharana Pratap (Mewar) and Mughal emperor Akbar's army

Prithviraj Chauhan ruled Ajmer and Delhi; known for battles against Muhammad Ghori

Rani Padmini of Chittorgarh: Famous for Jauhar to avoid capture by Alauddin Khilji

Important Folk Dances

Ghoomar – Performed by Rajput women

Kalbeliya – Snake dance by Kalbeliya tribe

Bhavai – Women balance multiple pots on head

Kathputli – Puppet dance

Terah Taali – Dance with 13 manjiras (small cymbals)

Fairs and Festivals

Pushkar Fair – World's largest camel fair

Desert Festival – Held in Jaisalmer

Teej & Gangaur – Celebrated by women

Mewar Festival – Udaipur, celebrates spring

Camel Festival – Held in Bikaner

Famous Personalities

Maharana Pratap – Brave Rajput king of Mewar

Mirabai – Poet-saint from Merta, devotee of Krishna

Tharoor Singh – Known for social reforms

Bhairon Singh Shekhawat – Former Vice President of India

Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore – Olympic medalist, ex-sports minister

Important Projects and Schemes

Indira Gandhi Canal – Longest canal in India, helps irrigate desert areas

Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP) – To supply water to eastern districts

Rajiv Gandhi Jal Sanchay Yojana – Water conservation scheme

Bhamashah Yojana – For financial inclusion and women empowerment

Miscellaneous Facts

"Land of Kings" – Nickname due to rich royal history

Only hill station: Mount Abu (Aravalli Hills)

Aravalli Range: One of the oldest mountain ranges

Highest Peak: Guru Shikhar (1,722 m) in Mount Abu

State with largest number of forts in India (many are UNESCO heritage sites)

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