General knowledge of uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
Capital:
Dehradun (Winter Capital)
Gairsain (Summer Capital)
Formed On:
November 9, 2000 (carved out of Uttar Pradesh)
Location:
Northern India; shares borders with Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Nepal, and China (Tibet).
Nicknames:
"Devbhumi" (Land of the Gods) – due to many Hindu temples and pilgrimage centers.
Geography & Nature
Himalayan Region: Home to many famous peaks like Nanda Devi and Trisul.
Rivers: Ganga and Yamuna originate here.
National Parks:
Jim Corbett National Park (India’s first national park)
Valley of Flowers (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
Culture & Language
Official Language: Hindi
Regional Languages: Garhwali, Kumaoni
Major Festivals: Kumbh Mela (in Haridwar), Nanda Devi Raj Jat, Harela, Basant Panchami
Famous Places & Pilgrimages
Char Dham: Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath, Badrinath
Haridwar & Rishikesh: Major spiritual and yoga hubs
Nainital, Mussoorie, Auli: Popular hill stations
Economy & Industry
Based on agriculture, tourism, and hydropower.
Known for herbal products and handlooms.
Uttarakhand – Quick Facts
Capital:
Dehradun (Winter Capital)
Gairsain (Summer Capital)
Formed On:
November 9, 2000 (carved out of Uttar Pradesh)
Location:
Northern India; shares borders with Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Nepal, and China (Tibet).
History of uttarakhand
1. Ancient Times
Known as "Kedarkhand" and "Manaskhand" in ancient scriptures like the Skanda Purana.
Considered the Land of the Gods (Devbhumi) — a major center for spirituality, with shrines like Kedarnath, Badrinath, Yamunotri, and Gangotri.
Many sage ashrams were established here — like Rishi Vashistha, Rishi Dronacharya, and Ved Vyas.
2. Medieval Period
Ruled by several dynasties:
Katyuri Dynasty (7th–11th century): First major rulers of Kumaon.
Chand Dynasty (11th–18th century): Prominent in the Kumaon region.
Garhwal Kingdom: Ruled much of the Garhwal region from Srinagar (Uttarakhand).
In the 1800s, parts of Uttarakhand were invaded by the Gorkhas of Nepal, until the British defeated them in the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816).
3. British Era
After the Treaty of Sugauli (1816), the British took control.
Dehradun, Mussoorie, and Nainital developed as hill stations and administrative centers under British rule.
4. Post-Independence
Uttarakhand remained part of Uttar Pradesh after 1947.
People in the hilly regions felt neglected — poor infrastructure, few jobs, and tough living conditions led to growing demands for a separate state.
5. Statehood Movement
A peaceful but long struggle led by students, women, and locals.
One key event: Rampur Tiraha firing (1994) — police fired on peaceful protesters, leading to national outrage.
6. Creation of Uttarakhand
On 9th November 2000, the state was officially formed as the 27th state of India, initially called Uttaranchal.
In 2007, it was renamed Uttarakhand to reflect cultural and historical identity.
Nicknames:
"Devbhumi" (Land of the Gods) – due to many Hindu temples and pilgrimage centers.
Geography & Nature
Himalayan Region: Home to many famous peaks like Nanda Devi and Trisul.
Rivers: Ganga and Yamuna originate here.
National Parks:
Jim Corbett National Park (India’s first national park)
Valley of Flowers (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
Culture & Language
Official Language: Hindi
Regional Languages: Garhwali, Kumaoni
Major Festivals: Kumbh Mela (in Haridwar), Nanda Devi Raj Jat, Harela, Basant Panchami
Famous Places & Pilgrimages
Char Dham: Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath, Badrinath
Haridwar & Rishikesh: Major spiritual and yoga hubs
Nainital, Mussoorie, Auli: Popular hill stations
Economy & Industry
Based on agriculture, tourism, and hydropower.
Known for herbal products and handlooms.
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